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Gallatin is a small community nestled within the heart of Sumner County and wrapped in a warm blanket of history and Southern charm. Although Gallatin had grown from that frontier settlement with two hundred souls in the early 19th century into a vibrant community, it still did not lose its historic background. This paper tries to take a turn through the exiting history of Gallatin from the early days of inception to the present times.
Gallatin was incorporated on February 25, 1802, and named in honor of Albert Gallatin—the Secretary of the Treasury under Presidents Thomas Jefferson and James Madison. The reason for setting up a town here was due to the factor that this land is located along the Cumberland River, which afforded access to important transport and commerce routes.
During the Civil War, Gallatin played a big role. The location of the town formed part of the battlefield between Union forces and Confederate forces. Union troops occupied Gallatin in 1862 and made it their base for operations. The presences of the Union Army brought many skirmishes and conflicts to the area, impacting the population and economy.
One notable event during this time was the capture of Confederate General John Hunt Morgan by Union forces in 1863. The daring cavalry raider himself, Morgan, was captured near Gallatin, which is one of the major events in the history of the Civil War concerning this town.
The years following the Civil War in Gallatin were marked by reconstruction and growth. The town gradually recovered from the devastation of war, becoming late in the 19th century a commercial and agricultural hub of Sumner County. The laying of railroads continued to spur the economy on through easier transportation of goods and people.
In the early 20th century, Gallatin continued to grow and modernize. The establishment of new businesses and industries helped the town progress economically. Improvements to raise the standard of living were made in the building of schools, hospitals, and other infrastructural projects.
The impact of Old Hickory Lake in the mid-20th century was a main development factor for Gallatin. In 1954, the creation of the Old Hickory Dam on the Cumberland River created the lake. It added recreational opportunities that promoted tourism and attracted residential development. Today, it remains a very popular spot for boating and fishing, and enjoying the outdoors.
Gallatin takes great pride in preserving all its historical landmarks, buildings, and architectural heritage. In the downtown area is one big showcase of 19th-century architecture. Historic manor houses built in 1813 showcase outstanding landmarks, Trousdale Place, serving as a home to William Trousdale, former Tennessee Governor. The mansion now serves as a museum that visitors can get into to try to be brought back to the early 19th century, so unconsciously done with elegance.
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